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February 28, 2021
CLUB SOCCER REFEREE PROGRAM
CoachingAmericanSoccer.com®
© Copyright 2020 – 2021
John C. Harves
All Rights Reserved
Important Note: Because this is a Club Referee program, it contains differences between both the IFAB Laws of the Game and FIFA Referee mechanics.
CLUB SOCCER REFEREE PROGRAM
Soccer programs all around the country continuously need more referees. One of the ways to help solve the referee shortage is for Clubs to develop in-house referee programs for teens through adults, male and female. A successful Club program not only addresses the shortage, but also can provide the Club with an opportunity to reduce costs. In addition, a referee program directed at 13- to 18-year-olds provides the participants involved with a source of income and a greater understanding of the game. For those communities that require volunteer credits for high school graduation, participants may be able to obtain credits by foregoing payment for a period of time. This connection has to be made formally by the Club with the school system.
Also known as “Junior Referee,” Youth Referee,” “Instructional Referee,” or “In-House Referee” programs, substituting the actual Club name for “Club” in the title is recommended as being all-inclusive. For example, everywhere “Club” is referenced, the text could be changed to read, “Springfield Soccer Referee Program” or “Springfield Soccer Club Referee Program” or “Springfield Soccer Association Referee Program.” Before deciding on an appropriate name, however, it should be confirmed that the title does not conflict with that of an existing organization or could in any way be confused with another local or regional referee program.
The assumption used in the Club Soccer Referee Program is that, after proper training, sole Referees will be assigned as individuals to officiate recreational youth games assisted by two Linespersons, one each provided by the participating teams. As an alternative, one Club Referee could be assigned with two Club Assistant Referees from the Club Referee pool. Either of these approaches use the traditional “Diagonal System of Control” (also known as the 3-person system) for officiating, but the Club Linespersons do not call offside. [See the Appendix regarding the old, non-traditional, “Dual System of Control” (also known as the 2-person system).]
For youth who participate, the Club Soccer Referee Program represents a golden opportunity to learn both the details of the Laws of the Game and the interactions by players and coaches with Referees. Hopefully, this can improve both their appreciation for the game and their own skills. Similarly, when conducted properly, the youngest players who see and interact with the Club Referees will learn more about the game and can aspire to ultimately join the Referee Program. The Club Referee Program must not be undertaken lightly. It involves a serious commitment by the Club and all participants. To be robust, the Program needs proper administrative rules to be in place, appropriate funding, and dedicated and responsible staffing
ADMINISTRATION
The Club must establish formal documentation and dedicated staff to ensure that the Club Referee Program will operate properly. Policies and Procedures need to be put into place regarding all aspects of the function of the Program, and the Duties and Responsibilities of the staff involved need to be spelled out. Club Referees are to be taught the Laws of the Game, officiating mechanics, and general club rules.
It is extremely important to note that it is unreasonable for the Club to expect Club Program Referees to know all of the rules for all of the competitions for every age group and every tournament that the Club conducts or to be able to act as seasoned, professional, adult referees. “Local Rules Cards,” to be provided to Referees before each game, will cover the majority of this concern. Otherwise, Referees need to be provided with timely information regarding implementation of modified rules applicable to different games. An example of this would be the overtime and/or penalty kick procedures associated with “knock-out” games that are required to go to a winner. (In the past Clubs even experimented with such things as “open-net” tiebreakers, where the goalkeepers were pulled, that required significant Referee understanding.)
Formal Documentation
Changes to Club Rules
Coach’s Code of Conduct – Must clearly state that: 1. Coaches are to demonstrate the very best example of good behavior toward Referees; 2. Coaches shall educate parents and supporters that Referees are to be shown the respect they deserve – no matter what their age – otherwise there would be no games; 3. Coaches shall not permit parents or supporters to go onto the field or to approach Referees at any time; 4. Coaches shall immediately report irresponsible behavior on the part of parents or supporters to the Club; 5. Coaches acknowledge that the Referee Program is of significant benefit to the Club and will be supported; 6. Coaches recognize that the majority of Referees in the Club Program are teenagers and therefore are still learning how to officiate and shall not be treated like seasoned adults; 7. Coaches are expected to physically protect Club Referees if the need should arise; and, 8. Coaches are subject to sanctions by the Club for ejections or any improper behavior directed at Referees.
No Protests – Protests are not allowed of games officiated by Club Referees. If a Club Referee is assigned to a game, but no one shows up, the game is to be played with two volunteer referees, one from each team officiating half of the game, unless mutually agreed upon by both coaches. Team Linespersons should still be provided. Results are final.
Tax Treatment (Club) – This is likely to depend on the Club’s legal status with the IRS, but needs to be properly researched no matter what. If there is to be withholding associate with referee pay, all proper and formal documentation must be created and submitted. If not, Club Referees must be informed that there is no withholding, but that payments should be treated by them as income.
Tax Treatment (Referees) – The Club shall provide formal notification to Referees of how the Club is addressing payments for tax purposes. Referees (and/or parents and guardians) shall be specifically notified if they are to consider their payments as needing to be self-reported as income.
Other Legal Concerns – Child labor laws as applicable to the Club.
Fee Schedule for Teams – Fees to teams for the Club Referee Program may be actual or include a pro-rated portion for providing and stocking equipment, including such things as clothing and training materials. Provisions should be made for refunds for games to which Club Referees were assigned but did not appear.
Pay Scale for Referees – This may be a sliding scale, based on the length of games, which are usually based on age groups. There should also be a provision for payment of an Assistant Referee in a 3-man system covered by all-Club officials.
Respect for Club Referees – Proper treatment of referees by players, parents, coaches, and spectators is mandatory. Most are youth. Coaches are responsible for the conduct of their players, parents, assistants, and supporters.
Games with one Club Referee – Each coach is required to provide a Team Linesperson for the duration of the game (it does not have to be the same person for the whole game) to call sideline outs. Coaches must train their Team Linespersons on how to properly identify balls having gone out of bounds on the sidelines (whole ball completely over the line whether on the ground or in the air), and how to use the flag (straight up then point in the throwing direction). Team Linespersons are not to call offside.
Record-Keeping – Formal policies and procedures must be put into place for capturing the data associated with all Club Referees, including assignments, games officiated, and fees paid.
Local Rules and Local Rules Cards – The Club shall provide Local Rules cards to the coaches. Coaches shall provide Local Rules cards to Club Referees that show all changes from the Laws of the Game for their particular age group or competition. Cards shall be printed on heavy-duty card stock and provided to all coaches, in each associated age group, in sufficient quantity so that one card may be handed to each Club Referee before every game. Local Rules must address the proper award to be applied at the younger age groups for not being allowed to 1.) head the ball; and/or 2.) slide tackle.
Feedback – Coaches may provide comments or evaluation of Club Referees by email to an Assessor. Coaches are not to direct any comments, criticism, suggestions, or anything else directly to a Club Referee. Coaches are not to say anything derogatory or demeaning to Club Referees at any time. Coaches are not to ask a Club Referee for their name, because this can be linked at the Club level.
Termination for Cause – The Club needs to specifically identify the circumstances or behaviors for which Club Referees are to be released from the Program. A formal Referee Code of Conduct may be created and distributed.
Website – It is assumed that the Club has its own, current and effective website. This website needs to be modified and updated to include all aspects and documentation for the Club Referee Program.
Referee Program Specifics
Scheduling – The Club must establish a formal timeline for all aspects of the Club Referee Program, including such things as advertising for applicants, the final deadline for applications, the date for sending out acceptances, and the training dates, times and locations. All of this needs to be consistent with the Club programs, especially allowing enough time from the end of the Program to the start dates for Club competitions that will use the Club Referees.
Minimum Age Determination – The Club must determine the youngest age to be allowed for Club Referee Program participation. The current assumption is that it will be 13-years old. The Club must make a determination regarding the age for parental consent. The current assumption is under 18-years old.
Application – Consists of a completed, signed original of the Application form, a copy of the KidSafe (or similar) program Certificate demonstrating successful completion, a signed original of the Club Waiver of Liability and Release Form, and a signed original of the Club Medical Release Form. Applicants should also have medical insurance.
Acceptance – This usually consists of a simple e-mail back to the Applicant, assuming that all paperwork was in order. Otherwise, this needs to be a request for missing documentation or information.
Certificate of Training – Upon successful completion of the full instructional program (classes, on-field, and testing), a formal, signed Certificate is to be awarded to all Club Referees by the Club.
Payment Schedule – This is recommended at every two weeks. This may be a burden on the Club, but it provides positive reinforcement to the Referees. Referees are to be paid in full for games that are assigned and attended, even if the game is not played due to no-shows or an insufficient number of players.
Payment Process – It is assumed that this will be by checks, however, if the Club has the capability to do this electronically it certainly can do so. Of course, additional information, and possibly a waiver, will be required from each Referee to put this in place.
Ability Levels or Rankings – Generally, the categories of “Beginner,” “Intermediate,” and “Advanced” may be applied to Club Referees as the program advances. This could otherwise simply be a “1,” “2,” or “3.” Rankings should also reflect a combination of age and experience. This concept is particularly helpful when scheduling is being passed to another Club staffer.
Game Reports from Referees to Club – Must include: Referee Name, Game Date, Game Time, Game Location, Final Score by Team Color, Number of Cautions Issued, Number of Ejections Issued. If an Ejection is issued, specific details of the ejection, including jersey number if a player, or description if a coach or supporter, and reason. Did the coaches provide Local Rules cards? Any problems encountered? The report shall be submitted by the Referee to the Club via email within 24-hours of the end of the game.
Referee Evaluations from Coaches to Club – Coaches are not required to report, but it is recommended. Not reporting will be assumed by the Club that everything was acceptable. Optional reporting may include: Coach Name, Game Date, Game Time, Game Location, Referee Timeliness (or if Referee did not show up at all), Referee Appearance, Referee had all equipment, Referee started game on time, Referee appeared to have a grasp of the rules, Referee was fit and kept up with play. If an Ejection occurred, reporting by each coach is mandatory and must contain a detailed explanation of what occurred, even if it did not involve the coach’s team. Reporting should include details of any other problems, such as with goals or field markings, and Suggestions. A rating scale may be applied, such as 1-to-5, with 1 being poor and 5 being excellent. A physical card may be used. This report should be submitted via email within 24-hours of the end of a game.
Certification of Games Officiated – Every two weeks, such as on each Monday prior to “pay-days,” Referees should be required to submit a formal (signed or e-signed) certification of the games officiated for which they expect to be paid. This should include, Time, Date; Location; Age Group; Start Time; Sole Referee (with Club Linespersons), 2-man System, Referee with Club Assistant Referees, or Club Assistant Referee.
Equipment
The Club must decide what equipment to stock and who pays for it.
Recommended: The Club stocks and provides the following mandatory items free of charge to all Program Referees who successfully complete training: Shirt, Shorts, Socks, Whistle, Lanyard, Yellow & Red cards, Linespersons flags, and Coin. Additional requests for these items may be supplied to the Program Referees at cost. (As an alternative, the Club may charge a nominal fee for mandatory equipment as a way to get “buy-in.”)
Suggested: Either the Club stocks standardized, optional, cold- and foul-weather gear, to be supplied to the Program Referees at cost, or the Club standardizes this equipment and tells participants what to get and where to get it. If possible, Clubs should design and procure an embroidered “badge” that referees could wear. It should carry the Club name and the word “Referee.” Further, a decision needs to be made regarding an appropriate mechanism for the badge’s attachment to a shirt or jacket.
Participants: Must purchase their own watches, shoes, backup equipment, and supplies. These may also be standardized by the Club.
Instructional Materials
Instructional materials may be Books, Websites, Handouts, and Tests. These should include:
Instruction
Training sessions for all new applicants should be provided twice a year, in late summer and in early spring, well before the start of the outdoor seasons. There should be at least three classroom meetings and at least one on-field meeting. Testing should be conducted at the end of both the last classroom session and the on-field session. In addition, there should be a separate classroom session in the early spring for returning referees in order to go over the rule changes made by The IFAB to the Laws of the Game for the upcoming seasonal year.
After successful completion of the course material, the Instructor should issue an appropriate Certificate to each participant.
Staffing
Statements of Duties should be written for each staff position created to administer the program. One person can perform more than one function (except if an “Advocate” is used – that person should have no other duties with the referee program). These positions may include:
Club Referee Program Commissioner
This individual should be an officer of the Club who is given overall managerial control for the operation of the Program.
Treasurer
The existing Club treasurer must ensure that the Program has an appropriated budget, that the associated fees for the Program are charged and allocated, and that dues have been received.
Equipment Manager/Procurement
A knowledgeable, competent, responsible individual who is familiar with purchasing soccer equipment and supplies must first ensure that budgeted funds are available and that payment will be authorized by the Treasurer for acquisition of Program needs. Second, the procurement of clothing is best made using known suppliers or by having obtained and evaluated samples. Third, the procurement needs to be made well before the products are needed. This individual is likely to be the same person already managing acquisitions for the Club. In addition to clothing and supplies, procurement also includes the acquisition of instructional books and materials.
Instructor
The Program instructor should be a fully-certified, experienced and competent Referee, knowledgeable and current in all aspects of officiating. This individual should also be a proven, effective, and responsible teacher or coach.
Rules Commissioner
This is the one and only person that Club Referees should contact regarding rules interpretations or explanations. This involves the Laws of the Game, Local Rules, and the Club Rules. This is usually the Instructor, but may not be.
Assignor/Scheduler
This is the sole individual who is designated to assign Referees to officiate games. Assignor(s) must be aware if Club Referees play for teams within the Club in order to ensure that no possible conflicts of interest, or even the appearance of conflicts of interest, occur. One of the easiest ways to address this is to ensure that Club Referees are only assigned to games below their age groups. It is essential that Club Referees know who this person is and how to contact them properly. This individual should be available to take calls at all times that games are being officiated by Club Referees. This person should have a formal back-up.
Assessor
This individual can perform strategic, on-site reviews or evaluations of Club Referees and receive the Coach comment emails. Evaluations can be used for Referee rankings that may determine assignments, or feedback used to improve individual performance. Otherwise, the Club must determine what to do with the information developed. If an Assessor is used, it is suggested that they remain anonymous so that they do not affect the performance of a Referee by being recognized at a field. Assessments can be provided to the Scheduler and/or the Instructor for feedback to individuals.
Advocate
This individual acts as an independent and reliable supporter who can be contacted by Club Referees knowing that he or she will listen to their concerns and, in total confidentially, attempt to defend or promote their interests. This is an extremely important concept if a Referee should be harassed or perceive to be placed under duress, especially by a Coach. Referees shall be told of the existence of this person and how to contact them. The advantages of an Advocate include keeping referees in the program and providing Important information back to the Club. The disadvantage of an Advocate is an abject violation of trust, like the Director of an office who has an “open-door policy” going back to a supervisor and identifying the employee who raised a concern about them.
CLUB SOCCER REFEREE PROGRAM GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
Completed Paperwork
Application
Acceptance
“KidSafe,” or similar program Certificate on File
Waiver of Liability and Release Form on File
Medical Release Form on File
Certificate of Training Completion Issued
Record of Games Officiated and Record of all Payments
Mandatory Equipment
Shirt, Shorts, Socks, Shoes – All regulation black with white trim (“referee-specific”: at least the shorts must have pockets!) (Shorts may also need drawstrings.)
Good Whistle, Backup Whistle (if possible)
Lanyard
Wristwatch with movable outer dial, Stopwatch (if possible) [Mobile Phone*]
*Generally, this is not recommended due to security concerns while running
Pen or Pencil, Paper (e.g., pocket notebook or 3×5 card) for Game Report
Coin
Linespersons’ Flags
Red and Yellow Cards
Optional Equipment
Badge
Alternate Shirt of a different color
Jacket
Pants
Knit cap
Gloves
Air pump and needle
Water bottle
Sideline bag
(See complete list of “Referees’ Kit”)
Appearance
Uniform always neat, clean, and regulation (Remember, the proper attire connotes authority.)
Shirt tucked in
Socks stay up
No head bands (elastics, rubber bands or scrunchies okay for women) or caps (except for cold weather)
Full fitness
Conduct
Be measured, calm, cool, and collected at all times
Avoid arguments
Do not fraternize with players, coaches or anyone where it may be perceived as bias
Let no one intimidate you
Do not talk to or otherwise engage with spectators
If necessary, you can quickly explain a rule to a player to correct something, but remember that you are not to “coach.” Similarly, you can personally place a ball in the proper location if a young player does not understand how to do so.
(Note: Misbehavior on the part of a Referee can result in removal from the Program.)
What is Expected of a Referee?
Assignments
Don’t take games unless you can actually do them
Keep accurate records of game assignments, locations, dates and times
Research field locations in advance – Allow plenty of time to get to the field at least fifteen minutes prior to the start of the first game
If for some reason you can’t make it to a game after having accepted the assignment, it is your duty to contact the Scheduler immediately as soon as you know
Note that, occasionally, there may be a gap between games at the same field
Game Reports
Game Reports from Referees to the Club – At a minimum, must include: Referee Name, Game Date, Game Time, Game Location, Final Score by Team Color, Number of Cautions Issued, Number of Ejections Issued. If Ejection issued, specific details of the ejection, including jersey number if a player, or description if a coach or supporter, and reason. Did the coaches provide Local Rules cards? Any problems encountered? The report shall be submitted by the Referee to the Club via email within 24-hours of the end of the game.
Reporting Problems
Document (write down) anything that you think might be a potential problem, however small. Do not trust your memory.
Report serious problems to the Rules Commissioner the same day
Report any scheduling difficulties, like no teams at the field you were assigned to, to the Assigning Commissioner immediately
Record of Games Officiated
Date
Time
Age Group or Division
Field
Time, Date; Location; Age Group; Start Time; Sole Referee (with Team Linespersons), 2-man System, Referee with Club Assistant Referees, or Assistant Referee
Signature
CLUB SOCCER REFEREE PROGRAM OFFICIATING MECHANICS
Confirm Assignment – Upon accepting an assignment to officiate a game, first confirm if you will be the only Referee or if you will be with a partner. Understand the day, date, time, and location of the match. Ask what age group will be playing. Then, capture the details in a formal record, written or electronic or both, and ensure that it is well recognized by you (and anyone else who needs to know). If there is ever a question before the match, or if you cannot keep your commitment, contact the Scheduler immediately. Often, there are multiple games to be officiated in a row. Confirm exactly how many games you will be officiating and get the details for each. Confirm that the game(s) is a regular season, straight-running time game. If not, such as for a tournament playoff game, get the specifics regarding overtime or going to a “penalty-kick tiebreaker” to determine which team advances.
Ensure Proper Equipment – Confirm that you have everything you need before leaving for the field.
Arrive Early – Ensure that you know the location of the game field. Allow enough travel time to arrive at the field at least 15-minutes before kickoff. Add in extra time for possible traffic problems. (There is an assumption that Club Referees will either have their own mobile phone or will have access to one borrowed from a coach or parent at the field. If the Referee has their own phone, the name and number(s) of the Scheduler is to be put in “contacts.” If the Referee does not have their own phone, the name and number(s) of the Scheduler must be kept in a wallet or notebook or readily available by calling a parent or guardian. If a problem is encountered at the field, call immediately.
Show a Positive Demeanor – Strike the balance between friendly and professional. Children need to see smiles and recognize that the Referee is there to help them have run. Parents and coaches need to know that you are confident, well-trained, and will do a proper job. This starts with being properly dressed and on time.
Keep Game Report Information
In advance, write down the time, date, field location, team colors and, if possible, the team names and the coaches names. Keep a record of each score as they occur. Write down the halftime score and the final score. Record any ejections, the player’s number and the details of the ejection when it occurs. Immediately after the game, write down any problems that occurred in as much detail as possible. Do not leave anything to memory.
Inspect the Field – Upon arrival, ensure that the participants are gathering. If no one is there, call the Scheduler immediately. Jog around the field checking the goals, nets, flags and markings – repair gaps in the nets if possible (otherwise, make a mental note of where they are). Remember that the primary objective is to get the game played. The only thing in this category that could be cause for cancellation of the match is if one or both of the goals is unsafe – broken or unsecured and could tip over. Notify the coaches if anything can be improved by them. You may provide whatever assistance you wish, such as repairing nets, putting down disks, or clearing debris from the field. The coaches are supposed to have been informed in advance that it is their mutual responsibility to help improve the field, not yours, and that they are to do everything to help get the game played. (Remember that lightning or thunder ends games immediately.)
Confer with Each Coach – Obtain complete agreement as to the length of the game (whether or not overtime will be played and, if so, the length of time; if tied at the end, whether or not penalty kicks will be used); when or if the clock stops; and, the procedure for substitution. For the vast majority of recreation games, there will be no overtimes and a “straight, running clock” will be used. Confirm any “local rules,” including ball size and the number of players per team. (Coaches should provide you with a local rules card. If the dimensions of the field are down-sized for younger players, ensure that the card includes the corresponding distance from the goal for the Penalty Kick Spot.) Record the names of the coaches and their team names. If you are the only Referee, ask each coach to provide one Team Linesperson. Again, coaches are supposed to know that this is a requirement. If they do not provide Linesperson(s) the game is still to be played and this fact included in the Game Report. Instruct the Linespersons that their job is to call “out-of-bounds” only, not offside. Give them each a flag and instruct them how to raise it straight up when the ball goes completely over the line and then to point the flag in the direction the throw-in is to be made. Ask which team is the “designated home team” and obtain a properly-sized, properly-inflated game ball from them. Inform them that you will perform team inspection and to have their captains ready.
Provide Instructions to Team Linespersons – “Thank you for your assistance. Here is a flag. Per Club rules, you are to help me with sideline-outs only. When the whole of the ball goes entirely over the sideline, whether on the ground or in the air, please raise the flag straight overhead. After that, please point the flag in the direction the throwing team is attacking. The ball can not curve back into play.”
Perform Team Inspection – About five minutes before game time, get all of the members of both teams together, including coaches. Remind the players to avoid contact with the goalie. Tell them about playing the ball, not the man. Look for illegal equipment (no baseball, football or track spikes – the expectation is molded-rubber cleats or tennis shoes; no wristwatches, bracelets, necklaces or other jewelry). Casts or splints are allowed if very well padded. As the Referee, you alone make the final decision about padding. Ensure that everyone is wearing shinguards. Ensure that any equipment problems are fixed. Do not ask for questions. Call for and greet the captains. Dismiss everyone else back to their sideline.
Pre-Game Coin Toss – Ask for the team captains from both teams to come to midfield. Identify the visiting team captain. If there is more than one, ask which single player will call the toss. Show the coin and identify which side is “heads” and which side is “tails.” (It does not have to be real money, just a coin that can easily be identified as heads and tails.) Ask for the visiting team captain to call “heads” or “tails,” in advance of the flip. Flip the coin and let it hit the ground. Identify whether it was “heads” or “tails.” Have the captain of the team that won the coin toss decide which goal that team will attack in the first half of the match. The team that loses the coin toss takes the kick-off to start the match. Gently direct the captain whose team won the toss, to move to their half of the field and have them face in the proper direction that their team will be attacking. Gently direct the captain of the team that lost the toss move to their half of the field and face in the proper direction that their team will be kicking-off, and then demonstrate this by standing next to them and giving a swing of your leg.
Get the Players on the Field – Make sure you know exactly who the designated goalkeeper is for both teams and that they are wearing a different-colored shirt. If not, then the shirt must be changed or a different-colored pinnie worn on top. (If this has to be done, the player is to be sent to the coach and the coach is responsible for making the change.) Count to see that neither team has more than the designated number of players according to local rules. If a team starts short and another player arrives after the match has started, the player may be waved in without stopping the game if you see that he or she has no illegal equipment. (The coach is supposed to know that the player may not join the game without first waiting at the sideline and then being recognized by you. They can not just run in without your permission. The coach is to respectfully call to you to get your attention, just like for substitutions.)
Kickoff – Stand outside the center circle. Ask both goalkeepers in turn if they are ready, by loudly calling out their jersey color (e.g., “Blue team goalie, are you ready?”). This lets everyone know the team-color designations you will be using. If all players are in their half of the field, and all defenders are outside the circle, blow you whistle that play may begin. Otherwise, get the players correctly positioned first. Once the ball is properly kicked off, confirm that your watch is properly set for the correct length of time. Stay near the play, but do not interfere with it. Start the game on time. If everyone is ready before the designated starting time, it is okay to start early.
Start the Watch – If you are using a dial, ensure that it is set properly. If you are using a stopwatch, ensure that you have pressed the button. Make sure it is working. Remember to monitor the time!
Using the Whistle – The general concept is to use the whistle as little as possible. Younger players may need to hear it more often than older players, with the usage diminishing over time, as they become more-and-more familiar with the rules.
Each use of the whistle should be accompanied by its associated visual signal.
Calling Out-of-Bounds on the Sidelines
As the sole referee and if Team Linespersons are used, reinforce their calls by pointing in the direction of the throw. Do not use the whistle. (Except for an obvious, totally incorrect call by a Team Linesperson, do not over-rule them.) Only blow the whistle if the players do not stop when the flag goes up. If players do not understand the hand signal, say the equivalent of “Blue Throw” and point in the correct direction.
As the sole referee and if Team Linespersons are not used, when the ball goes out give a short, light blast on the whistle and point in the direction of the throw. Again, if players do not understand the hand signal, say the equivalent of “Blue Throw” and point in the correct direction.
Throw-Ins
Remember that the ball is to be thrown from (as reasonably close to) the point where it went out of bounds. If a player starts a throw-in run at the point where the ball went out (or is standing to throw much farther upfield), call him or her back before the throw and state that the ball must be released where it went out. Point to that spot. (You are free to additionally state to the player to start their run from farther back.) If it happens again, let the player throw the ball and then penalize the foul throw. If a player chooses to throw the ball somewhat closer to their own goal from where it went out, let them do so.
If the ball does not pass into the field of play when it is thrown, the throw-in is to be retaken. State “The ball never came in,” and get the ball back to the thrower at the original spot. If the ball enters the field of play and then curves out (such as due to wind), the other team takes the throw where the ball went out. For a foul throw involving the hands (such as a one-handed throw), state “Foul Throw,” give the visual arm signal and state “[other team’s color] Throw.” Use the same approach for a foul throw involving lifting a foot, but give the visual foot signal. [NOTE: At the youngest levels, some Clubs give “second tries” before awarding a foul throw to the other team.]
(Note that in the “Two-Person Referee System,” you act as both a Referee and a Linesperson.)
Substitutions
For Club recreational games, unlimited substitutions and resubstitutions (return substitutions) are permitted during certain stoppages based on Local Rules. These stoppages usually are:
*other team may substitute a like number
Coaches are supposed to know when they can substitute according to Local Rules. Coaches are to get the Referee’s attention for a substitution by loudly and politely calling out “Ref, sub, please!” or something similar. Coaches are supposed to know that substitutes are to enter at midfield. Coaches are supposed to be ready, not go on the field, and perform the process quickly and efficiently. When substitution is called for:
Watch and count the number of substitutes going off. Ensure that they are equal. (Remember that more could come off, that a team can play with fewer numbers, as long as the total does not drop below the minimum to continue.)
If a player has been injured, deal with the injury first. If the player is taken off, ask if the coach wishes to substitute. If so, ask the other coach if they want to substitute.
Remember that a player who has been Ejected may not be replaced or “substituted.”
Calling Fouls
The “3-Person System”
(Sole Referee with 2 Team Linespersons or Sole Referee with 2 Club Assistant Referees)
(Future) DIAGRAM
The Diagonal System of Control
The “3-Person” officiating system is the use of either one Referee and two Team Linespersons or one Referee and two Club Assistant Referees. In either case the sole Referee generally runs the field on a diagonal from a spot just beyond the outer-corner of one Penalty Area, through the Center Circle, to a spot just beyond the outer-corner of the other Penalty Area. (The same approach is used if there are no Linespersons or Assistant Referees.) This is the “Diagonal System of Control.”
[See Appendix I for the “2-Person System.”]
Advantage
In the lowest age groups, “advantage” should essentially not be called. Call the foul. As the age and ability of players advance, along with the understanding of “advantage” by both the players and the coaches, “advantage” may be called when it is applicable close to the attacking goal. The criterion is for a real chance of a goal being scored, not just for a player or a team to retain possession of the ball after the foul. (At the highest levels, “advantage” may be applied farther out from the attacking goal, but more rarely near midfield and essentially never in the attackers’ defensive half of the field.)
If you think you are in an advantage situation, first wait a second to see if it looks like it is really going to materialize. If you apply the advantage clause, loudly state “Advantage,” and simultaneously give the double-under-arm visual signal. This can even be reinforced by then stating “Play on.” At the soonest possible time thereafter, you may wish to give a verbal warning to the player who committed the foul. (In an extreme case, a card may be warranted. Also, watch out for possible retaliation.)
Penalty Kick
Local Rules often define smaller field dimensions for younger children. As such, the Penalty Mark may be set at less than 12-yards. Even if a field is lined, it is not to be assumed that the Penalty Mark has been correctly measured. If the field is not lined, you need to step off the correct distance anyway. Follow the Local Rules for placement of the ball on a down-sized field and use the standard 12-yards on a full-sized field.
Remember that a Penalty Kick is a “re-start” during the game and, as such, the ball is live as soon at it is kicked forward.
Halftime Interval
Players are always allowed a halftime break, but they do not have to take the full amount of time permitted and they must not take more. Youth games usually allow 10-minutes.
(Note: If there was a timing error in the first half, never add or subtract time in the second half. Play out the full time for the second half.)
Walls
If the defense chooses to build a “wall” to defend a free kick:
Cautions and Ejections
If you must issue a card:
Remember, if you have to issue a second yellow card to the same player in the same game, first you show the yellow card, then you show the red card.
Dropped Balls
Dropped balls are most often used to re-start a game after stoppages for injuries or unforeseen events that occur while the ball is in play. Dropped balls are used mostly in youth games at the lowest levels and then become less frequent with each succeeding age group. If a dropped ball is used:
Injuries
In the youngest age groups, if an apparent injury occurs, blow the whistle and stop the game immediately, no matter what the position of the ball. Check on the player. If the ball had gone out of play, use the appropriate re-start. If not, use a dropped ball.
As players get older and an apparent injury occurs, Referee discretion comes into play to determine when to stop the game. Generally, the determining factor is if there is an immediate chance of a goal-scoring opportunity – and the player does not appear to be badly injured – then play should be allowed to continue briefly. Otherwise, err on the side of caution and stop the game. Check on the player. If the ball had gone out of play, use the appropriate re-start. If not, use a dropped ball.
Overtime
On rare occasions, you may be asked to officiate a tournament game where a winner must be decided to see which team advances. If so, you must obtain the details for overtime. This may include two equal time periods or “first-goal wins,” or a combination of something else. If you get a tournament game, obtain the specific. If tied after overtime, the game usually goes to Penalty Kicks to determine the winner.
Penalty Kicks Tiebreaker
If you must go to a penalty-kick “shootout”:
End of Game
After the final whistle:
Submit Game Report
As soon as possible after the game, but no more than 24-hours later, submit your game report for each game (according to the process identified by the Club). This usually consists of an email containing the following:
Reminders
There are very specific violations that warrant Cautions (Yellow Card) and Ejections (Red Card). The ones the Club wants to receive the most attention are:
Cautions:
Ejections:
IMPORTANT NOTE: At the youngest age groups, Local Rules may provide that an indirect free kick be awarded for heading or attempting to head a ball, and/or attempting a slide tackle. A non-allowed slide tackle that makes contact would be direct (and a caution.)
CLUB SOCCER REFEREE PROGRAM ASSISTANT REFEREE MECHANICS
If you are assigned as an Assistant Referee to a 3-person officiating crew made up entirely of Club referees, you should use the following procedures:
If the Referee does not see your action or otherwise does not acknowledge your call, hold the flag in position a brief second longer and then put it down to your side and carry on.
If the Referee doesn’t show up, the two Assistant Referees are to employ the 2-person System. If one Assistant Referee does not show up, the Referee and the Assistant Referee are to employ the 2-person system.
CLUB SOCCER REFEREE PROGRAM NOTES
CLUB SOCCER REFEREE PROGRAM
MORE POINTS TO PONDER
CLUB SOCCER REFEREE PROGRAM OFFICIATING SIGNALS
The use of visual signals, properly combined with the whistle, is an extremely effective way to communicate with the players, the coaches, and the spectators. Visual signals teach multiple aspects of the game and educate everyone to the functions of the referee. Whereas some of the signals listed below are usually dropped as players get older, the Club requests that Club Referees strive to use all of them, as applicable, all of the time.
Goal Scored (#1) – [traditional American football style] both arms raised overhead
Goal Scored (#2) – [international style] turn and point with one arm toward the center circle and start moving briskly to the center circle
Goal Scored (#3) – [#1 and #2 in sequence] both arms overhead, then point to the center circle (Recommended)
Offside- hands to hips
Tripping – move one leg forward
Striking – elbow toward rear
Jumping – arm overhead then down
Handling – right hand to left forearm
Holding – right hand grasps left wrist
Pushing – open palms moved from chest out
Charging – right hand to left-upper-arm, then elbow toward rear
Goalkeeper Carrying Ball – open hands circled around each other
Dangerous Play – both arms straight raised from sides
Ball Dead – arm up, open palm directed like “stop signal” toward kicker or thrower; keep the arm up the entire time while ball is dead
Resume Play – noticeably drop arm from “Ball Dead” position down to side
Indirect Free Kick – one arm held straight up until kick is made
Substitution OR Play Stopped (Referee Time Out) – hands crossed over head two times
Substitute(s) May Enter – right hand, open palm, waved in front of shoulder then toward shoulder, twice
Corner Kick – point to correct corner arc
Goal Kick – simultaneously point with one hand to goal area and with the other hand out into the field
Impeding – Clasp both palms to chest
Play-On – one-arm underarm swing
Advantage – two-arms underarm swing
Unsportsmanlike Conduct – hand placed behind head
Foul Throw (Hands) – imitate throwing ball (with an incorrect motion)
Foul Throw (Feet) – imitate throwing ball while lifting one leg backward
Penalty Kick – point to the Penalty Mark
Yellow or Red Card – hold the correct card with the arm fully extended directly over your head
Location for a Defensive Wall – hold arm straight out directly above 10-yard line
CLUB SOCCER REFEREE PROGRAM APPLICATION
Date ____________
Full Name __________________________________________________________
Address ______________________________________________ ZIP __________
Mobile Phone Number _________________________________________
Home Phone Landline Number, if available _________________________________
Your Email Address ___________________________________________________
Parent or Guardian Contact Name ________________________________________
Parent or Guardian Contact Mobile Phone Number ________________________
Parent or Guardian Email Address ________________________________________
Closest Fields to Your Home Used by the Club ______________________________
Birthdate and Current Age ________________________________________
School Attending and Current Grade ______________________________________
If you are currently playing on a Club Team, provide the name and age group of the team: _______________________________________________________________
Soccer Experience ____________________________________________________
Adult Shirt Size ____________ Adult Shorts Size ___________
Unavailability: ________________________________________________________
I understand that the Club Soccer Referee Program is a real commitment and that I will perform accordingly. I do/do not have medical insurance.
Your Signature _____________________________________________
I authorize my child or ward to participate in the Club Soccer Referee Program*.
Signature of Parent or Guardian if under the age of 18 _________________________
Printed Name of Parent or Guardian _________________________
The following three documents MUST be attached to this Application:
*Parents or guardians of children under the age of 16 are strongly encouraged by the Club to attend the games that they are officiating.
CLUB SOCCER REFEREE PROGRAM – REFEREES KIT
Mandatory Equipment
Shirt, Shorts, Socks, Shoes – generally black (with possible white trim); shorts should have good pockets and a drawstring
Good Whistle, Backup Whistle (whistle may be finger or wrist-attachment style)
Lanyard
Wristwatch with movable outer dial, Stopwatch (if possible) [Mobile Phone*]
*Generally, this is not recommended to be carried due to security concerns while running; otherwise, it could be a backup timing device
Pen or Pencil, Paper (e.g., pocket notebook or 3×5 card) for Game Report
Coin
Linespersons’ Flags
Red and Yellow Cards
Optional Equipment
Badge
Alternate color shirt – red, yellow
Winter shirt
Jacket -black
Pants – black
Knit cap – black
Gloves – black
Air pump and needle
Water bottle
Sideline bag
Backup stopwatch
Backup pen, pencil, and paper
Backup whistle
Backup lanyard
Lanyard for personal keys or car fob
Wrist-style whistle holder (wrist lanyard)
Written emergency phone numbers
Backup flags
Backup red and yellow cards
Backup coin
String and scissors
Extra shoe laces (and garters, if used)
Athletic “strapping” tape
Change/Cash
Water/Ice/Sports Drink
Rain Gear: Clear plastic poncho, clear plastic pants
First Aid Kit
Sunscreen
Vanishing spray
Duct tape
Trash bag
Work gloves
Cones, discs or saucers
IMPORTANT NOTES:
CLUB SOCCER REFEREE PROGRAM
SAMPLE INSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
LOCATION:
RETURNING REFEREES (Prior to Fall Season Only; May Attend Other Sessions)
DATE and TIME
NEW REFEREES (Prior to both Fall and Spring Seasons; All Sessions Mandatory)
DATE and TIME
DATE and TIME
DATE and TIME
LOCATION, DATE and TIME
CLUB SOCCER REFEREE PROGRAM
SAMPLE GAME REPORT FORM FROM REFEREE TO CLUB
NAME: _______________________________________________________
DATE, TIME, and LOCATION of Game: _____________________________
TEAM NAMES and/or COLORS: ___________________________________
COACH NAMES, if possible: ______________________________________
AGE GROUP, if possible: _________________________________________
FINAL SCORE, by team color (and name and sponsor, if possible):
_________________________________________________________
COACHES DID/DIDN’T PROVIDE LOCAL RULES CARDS (Identify if didn’t):
_________________________________________________________
COACHES DID/DIDN’T PROVIDE TEAM LINESPERSON (Identify if didn’t):
_________________________________________________________
NUMBER OF CAUTIONS ISSUED: __________________________________
EJECTION(S) (Very specific details): _________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
ANY PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED (Field, Goals, Markings…): __________________
_______________________________________________________________
OTHER (Team late or insufficient number or players; forfeit…): __________________
_______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
This form must be submitted to… (person) via… (mail/email) within 24-hours of the game.
CLUB SOCCER REFEREE PROGRAM
SAMPLE RECORD OF GAMES OFFICIATED FORM
Record of Games Officiated
(Payment Request Form)
NAME: _____________________________________
DATE | TIME | AGE GROUP | LOCATION
(FIELD NAME) |
SYSTEM * | NOTES |
SIGNATURE: _____________________________________
*SYSTEM Selections are:
SOLE – Sole Club Referee with Team Linespersons (Use “NOTES” to identify if you had no Linespersons or one or both teams didn’t show up) OR Sole Club Referee with Club Assistant Referees
AR – Assistant Referee in a 3-PERSON Club-assigned System
[2-Person – One of two Club Referees]
_______
IMPORTANT: This form must cover no more than two weeks of assignments, ending on a Sunday night.
This form must be submitted to… (person) via… (mail/email) within 24-hours of the last assignment.
CLUB SOCCER REFEREE PROGRAM
SAMPLE REFEREE EVALUATION AND GAME REPORT FROM COACH TO CLUB
COACH NAME: _____________________________________
Coach Affiliation (including team name and/or number): _________________________
Game Date: _________________
Game Time: __________________
Game Location: ______________________________________
Age Group: ____________________________
Game Result (including team names): _________________________
If an Ejection occurred, reporting by the Coach is mandatory and must contain a detailed explanation of what occurred, even if it did not involve the coach’s team. The same is true for any instances of “foul and abusive language” by anyone.
Reporting should also include details of any other problems, such as with goals or field markings, and suggestions.
REFEREE: (Ratings: 1 – Poor, 2 – Below Ave., 3 – Average, 4 – Above Ave. 5 – Excellent)
Timeliness: (No show) 1 2 3 4 5
Appearance: 1 2 3 4 5
Properly Equipped: 1 2 3 4 5
Started Game on Time: 1 2 3 4 5
Application of the Rules: 1 2 3 4 5
Fit and Kept up with Play: 1 2 3 4 5
Positioning: 1 2 3 4 5
Handling of the Game and Players: 1 2 3 4 5
REPORTING: _________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
SIGNATURE: _____________________________________
This report should be submitted via email within 24-hours of the end of a game. This report is optional, but must be submitted if ejections or something untoward happens.
CLUB SOCCER REFEREE PROGRAM
SAMPLE REFEREE EVALUATION FORM FOR A CLUB ASSESSOR
REFEREE NAME: ______________________________________
DATE OF GAME: _____________________
LOCATION: ___________________________________________
AGE GROUP: _________________________________________
COMMENTS:
SPECIFIC SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT:
ASSESSOR NAME: __________________________________
DATE: __________________________
(NOTE: It is expected that a completed copy this form will be shared with the Scheduler, and/or the Instructor and the Rules Commissioner. Further, it is expected that the Club will develop an appropriate, professional, and responsible feedback loop – taking the age of the Club Referee into consideration – to improve the Referee’s performance and to establish and maintain rankings.
CLUB SOCCER REFEREE PROGRAM – RULES TEST #1
Note: Because this is a Club program, this test may contain minor differences between the IFAB Laws of the Game and generally accepted Referee mechanics.
General
True or False
Award Direct or Indirect?
May a goal be scored directly from? (Yes or No)
Multiple Choice (select one)
Descriptive
CLUB SOCCER REFEREE PROGRAM – RULES TEST #2
Note: Because this is a Club program, this test may contain minor differences between the IFAB Laws of the Game and generally accepted Referee mechanics.
True – False
Yes – No
CLUB SOCCER REFEREE PROGRAM
RULES TEST #1 ANSWER KEY
CLUB SOCCER REFEREE PROGRAM
RULES TEST #2 ANSWER KEY
Appendix I
The “2-Person System”
Two Club Referees could be assigned to games in the old, non-traditional, “Dual System of Control” (also known as the 2-person system), with each Referee having equal authority and covering their referee duties and the duties of one Assistant Referee. However, this is not a preferred system for officiating because of the inherent problem of the two Referees possibly disagreeing. It is an improvement over using Team Linespersons and could save costs over using two Club Assistant Referees.
(Future) DIAGRAM
The Dual System of Control
The “2-Person” officiating system is the use of two Referees with equal authority and no linespersons. Each Referee generally runs along a line parallel to the sideline, and approximately 10-yards inside the field, from around 10-yards past the Halfway Line to around 5-yards short of the end-line. Each Referee is responsible for their half of the field, one entire sideline and one entire end-line. Referees do not change sides at halftime. This is known as the “Dual System of Control.” Referees must NEVER blow a “second whistle” after the other official makes a call and must NEVER contradict the other official. (If only one Referee appears, the approach reverts to the 3-Person system.) The referees must confer with each other before the start of the match to at least agree on which one will keep the “official” watch.